How can UV radiation be used in water treatment?

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a highly effective method used in water treatment primarily for disinfection purposes. When water is exposed to UV light, the radiation penetrates the cells of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. This process disrupts their DNA or RNA, rendering them unable to reproduce and effectively inactivating them. This makes UV radiation a vital tool for ensuring the safety and potability of drinking water, as it significantly reduces the presence of harmful pathogens without adding any chemicals to the water.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of UV radiation in water treatment. Increasing mineral content or cooling the water does not relate to the properties or functions of UV light. Similarly, while dissolved solids can be problematic in water quality, UV radiation does not remove these solids; rather, physical or chemical treatment methods, such as filtration or reverse osmosis, are employed for that purpose. Thus, the use of UV radiation is specifically targeted towards disinfection, making it an essential process in maintaining safe water supply systems.