What problem can high water hardness cause in plumbing systems?

High water hardness is primarily associated with elevated levels of minerals, especially calcium and magnesium. When water containing these minerals flows through plumbing systems, it can lead to scaling build-up on the interior surfaces of pipes and fixtures. This scaling occurs as the minerals precipitate out of the water and adhere to surfaces. Over time, this scale accumulation can restrict water flow, reduce the efficiency of plumbing fixtures (like faucets and showerheads), and potentially lead to more severe plumbing issues like pipe blockages.

In contrast, while corrosion can occur in plumbing systems, it is typically related to low pH levels and the presence of certain chemicals, rather than hard water itself. Leakage in pipes is more often a consequence of wear and tear or damage rather than hardness, while clogging due to bacteria is a separate issue related to biological growth and not directly linked to water hardness. Thus, the correct focus on scaling build-up directly addresses the core impact of high water hardness on plumbing systems.