Which chemical is commonly used for disinfection in water treatment?

Chlorine is widely recognized as one of the most effective and commonly utilized chemicals for disinfection in water treatment processes. Its primary role is to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and ensure safe drinking water. Chlorine works as a powerful oxidizing agent, targeting and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other harmful organisms that may be present in untreated water sources.

The use of chlorine is also favored because it remains active in water for an extended period, providing ongoing protection as water is distributed through the system. This residual effect helps to further safeguard against potential contamination during the water's journey to consumers.

Other disinfectants, such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide, may also be used in specific applications. However, their use can be more complex and sometimes costly compared to chlorine. Fluoride is primarily added to water systems for dental health benefits rather than disinfection. Therefore, among these options, chlorine stands out as the standard choice for disinfection in water treatment processes due to its effectiveness, longevity, and cost-efficiency.